Limewash bonds by soaking into porous mineral material, and latex paint and drywall paper are neither. Walls with sound paint usually take a mineral or bonding primer, and new or patched drywall gets a drywall primer under that. Tinting the primer toward the finish color keeps any thin patch from showing white.
Before priming, walls are cleaned of dust and grease, nail pops and dents are filled and sanded, and the paint is checked to make sure it is still firmly bonded. Glossy paint is sanded, and peeling or chalky paint comes off. A few limewash products are made for bare masonry only, so on drywall we use one that is not.